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Association between estrogen and androgen receptor genes and prostate cancer risk

¹ CeRePP, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France² Faculté de Médecine, Institut Mondor de Médecine Moléculaire (IFR10), Université Paris 12, Créteil F-94010, France³ Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, GHU Est, University Paris VI, Paris, France⁴ CHU d'Angers,, Department of Urology, Angers, France⁵ Université Paris 5, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, Paris, France⁶ CHU Brabois,, Department of Urology, Nancy, France⁷ Department of Urology,, Hopital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France⁸ Centres d'examen de Santé de l'Assurance Maladie, CNAM, Paris, France and ⁹ GenOdyssee SA, Evry, France

(Correspondence should be addressed to G Cancel-Tassin who is now at CeRePP, Laboratoire Urologie, Hôpital TENON APHP, Bâtiment Recherche, 5^e étage, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris Cedex 20, France; Email: geraldine.cancel-tassin{at}tnn.aphp.fr)

Objective: Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the principal causes of death among men. Steroid hormones are involved in normal prostate growth and carcinogenesis. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects on PC risk of polymorphisms from three steroid hormone receptor genes: the androgen (AR), and the (ESR1) and β (ESR2) estrogen receptors.

Design and methods: The study was performed on a Caucasian population of 1045 PC patients and 814 controls. Using a logistic regression model, the different alleles and genotypes from those polymorphisms were analyzed according to case/control status, the tumor aggressiveness, and the age at onset.

Results: A significant association between PC risk and the pooled 4/5, 5/6, and 6/6 genotypes of the GGGA repeat located in the first intron of ESR1 (odds ratio (OR)=3.00, 95% CI=1.32–6.82, P=0.008) was observed. When we stratified the cases, this association was confined to patients with a Gleason score of 2–4 (OR=8.34, 95% CI=2.91–23.91, P<0.0001) or late onset PC (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.22–6.93, P=0.016). An association between a short AR CAG repeat (less than 17 repeats) was also observed among patients with late onset PC (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.15–4.76, P=0.019).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that the GGGA repeat from ESR1 and the CAG repeat from AR may be associated with risk of late onset PC.