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Coagulation disorders in thyroid diseases

Introduction: Various abnormalities of coagulation occur in patients with thyroid diseases, and may range from subclinical laboratory abnormalities to clinically significant disturbances of coagulation and, rarely, major hemorrhage or thromboembolism (1). Patients with hypothyroidism are at particular risk of hemorrhage (2). In contrast, patients with hyperthyroidism display a tendency to develop thromboembolic complications, with major embolism accounting for up to 18% of deaths in patients dying from thyrotoxicosis (3). Pathogenesis of coagulopathies associated with thyroid diseases may include direct and indirect effects of excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones on platelet maturation and function, on synthesis and action of coagulation factors, and on altered blood viscosity (4). In addition, coagulopathies in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases may be related to an individual's underlying susceptibility to develop autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will summarize the spectrum of coagulation disorders associated with thyroid diseases, discuss recent progress in the understanding of

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