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Water balance in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can now be studied with non-invasive techniques: an invited commentary

Brizzolara and colleagues have utilized the non-invasive technique of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to determine total and relative distribution of body water in relation to metabolic control in uncomplicated type I diabetic patients (1). In conducting this study the investigators have made several advances in our knowledge. First, they have further demonstrated the utility of this non-investigative technique in studying water distribution in diabetics, similar to observations in non-diabetics (2–4). Using this technique, they have demonstrated that type I diabetic persons in relatively good glycermic control, as accessed by glycated hemoglobin methods, have increased total body water compared to non-diabetic controls matched by age, gender and body mass index.

Expansion of total body water in these type I diabetic persons was not associated with modifications of extracellular/intracellular water distributions compared to the normal controls. In contrast, type I diabetic patients in poor long-term glycemic control had a disproportionate increase in